Ryan Connell

In reverse, the self-determined types of motivation are associated with positive academic outcomes, such as higher interest, pleasure and effort in lessons (Ryan & Connell, 1989 ...

Although in one sense all personal goals are self-determined, this does notmean thattheyall havetheirorigin in intrinsic values and personal interests (Ryan&Connell, 1989).

These studies have found that controlled motivation predicts abroad variety of undesirable outcomes that include (a) the use of maladaptive coping strategies (Ryan& Connell, 1989); (b ...

In each of these domains, the four types have been shown to fall along a continuum of autonomy that has been validated both in children and adults (Ryan & Connell, 1989; Vallerand ...

... in every culture (e.g., Johnson, 1993) and represents a basic dimension by which people make sense of their own and others' behavior (deCharms, 1968; Heider, 1958; Ryan & Connell, 1989